摘要

Human papillomavirus (HPV) variants associated with head and neck cancer generally induce a robust immune response. Despite the establishment of such an inflammatory microenvironment, hPV is able to persist and promote malignant transformation. the PD-1: PD-L1 immune checkpoint may play a critical role in the creation of an immunoprivileged site for viral persistence and the subsequent development of cancer.

  • 出版日期2013-5