科研之友
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摘要
Irrigation with groundwater consumes considerable energy as well as water resources across the world. Using a case study from Indian Punjab, this article emphasizes how a continued and massive use of groundwater for irrigation has reduced groundwater levels and increased carbon emissions. Estimates of C emissions from groundwater pumping for irrigation in Punjab indicate that over a period of 14 years (1998-2012), groundwater use has increased by 23%; groundwater levels have fallen by 5.47 m; energy requirements have increased by 67% resulting in increase in C emissions by 110%. Emissions rates have increased from 33 to 55 g m(-3) of groundwater used, and 43.2 to 78 g-C kg(-1) of grain. Thus, groundwater management is not only important to ensure sustainability of the finite resource but also is vital to control environmental consequences of groundwater use for irrigation.
- 出版日期2016-12
