科研之友
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摘要
Adsorption is one important technique in fluoride removal from aqueous solutions. The viability of adsorption techniques is greatly dependent on the development of adsorptive materials. A large number of materials have been tested at a fluoride concentration greater than 2 mg/l, and the lowest limit for fluoride reduction by them is about 2 mg/l. Decreasing the fluoride concentration to less than 2 mg/l, most of the tested materials displayed a very low capacity of fluoride removal. This paper has concentrated on investigating the adsorption kinetics and adsorption capacity of low cost materials at a low initial fluoride concentration. The experiments were carried out at a natural pH, and radioisotope F-18 rather than F-19 was used since F-18 can be rapidly measured by measuring the radioactivity with a resolution of 1 x 10(-13) Mg Or 0.01 muCi. The tested materials are hydroxyapatite, fluorspar, calcite, quartz and quartz activated by ferric ions. Their adsorption capacities follow the order: Hydroxyapatite > Fluorspar > Quartz activated using ferric ions > Calcite > Quartz The uptake of fluoride on hydroxyapatite is an ion-exchange procedure and follows the pseudo-first- and second-order equations, while the uptake of fluoride on the others is a surface adsorption and follows the pseudo-second-order equation. Calcite has been seen as a good adsorbent in fluoride removal and has been patented. However, our data suggested that its adsorption capacity is only better than quartz. The external mass transfer is a very slow and rate-determining step during fluoride removal from the aqueous solution. Under static conditions, there was no relative movement between adsorbents and solutions, the fluoride uptake was at a very slow rate and the adsorbent properties did not significantly affect the fluoride uptake. Under shaken conditions, the adsorption of fluoride was controlled by the adsorbent structure and chemical properties.
- 出版日期2003-12
