Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effects Scale for Clozapine - Development and validation of a clozapine-specific side-effects scale

作者：Hynes Caroline^*; Keating Dolores; McWilliams Stephen; Madigan Kevin; Kinsella Anthony; Maidment Ian; Feetam Celia; Drake Richard J; Haddad Peter M; Gaughran Fiona; Taylor Mark; Clarke Mary

来源：Schizophrenia Research, 2015, 168(1-2): 505-513.

DOI：10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.052

• Adverse effects
• Atypical antipsychotic agent
• Drug monitoring
• Questionnaire
• Checklist

Objective: The authors developed and validated a clozapine-specific side-effects scale capable of eliciting the subjectively unpleasant side-effects of clozapine.
Methods: Questions from the original Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effects Scale (GASS) were compared to a list of the most commonly reported clozapine side-effects and those with a significant subjective burden were included in the GASS for Clozapine (GASS-C). The original authors of the GASS and a group of mental health professionals from the UK and Ireland were enlisted to comment on the questions in the GASS-C based on their clinical experience. 110 clozapine outpatients from two sites completed the GASS-C, the original GASS and a repeat GASS-C. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows version 19.
Results: The GASS-C was shown to have construct validity, in that Spearman's correlation coefficient was 0.816 (p < 0.001) with the original GASS, whilst Cohen's kappa coefficient was >0.77 (p < 0.001) for one question and >0.81 (p < 0.001) for remaining relevant questions. GASS-C was also shown to have strong test-retest reliability, in that Cronbach's alpha coefficient was >0.907 (p < 0.001), whilst Cohen's kappa coefficient was >0.81 (p < 0.001) for 12 questions and >0.61 (p < 0.001) for the remaining four questions.
Conclusion: The GASS-C is a valid and reliable clinical tool to enable a systematic assessment of the subjectively unpleasant side-effects of clozapine. Future research should focus on how the scale can be utilised as a clinical tool to improve real-world outcomes such as adherence to clozapine therapy and quality of life.

• 出版日期2015-10