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摘要
Despite ongoing control efforts, bovine tuberculosis (TB; caused by Mycobacterium bovis infection) remains an important public and animal health issue throughout the island of Ireland, which includes the jurisdictions of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. In Northern Ireland, the control of TB commenced in 1935, with the slaughter of clinically affected animals, and a compulsory eradication scheme was established in 1959 [1]. In Ireland, an eradication programme commenced in 1954 [15]. These programmes are each currently directed by several European Union Directives, including European Council Directive 64/432 (including successive amendments and corrigenda), which provides detailed information about intra-community trade in bovine animals for breeding, production or slaughter, including, with relevance to bovine TB:ˋ The definition of an 'officially TB-free herd' and the circumstances under which this herd-based status is retained, suspended or withdrawn;ˋ How a MS (or region of a MS) can achieve officially TB-free status, and the circumstances under which this area-based status is retained, suspended or revoked; and,ˋ The rules relating to intra-community trade, including health certificate and checks on origin and destination [2,26].In both Ireland and Northern Ireland, there is substantial laboratory and epidemiological input into the eradication programme [10,25,11,7]. There have been similarities, but also differences, in eradication measures for bovine tuberculosis in Northern Ireland (north) and the Republic of Ireland (south) [3,4,1,15], which share a lengthy common border. Cattle-related measures are similar in both jurisdictions, focusing on surveillance (the detection of new cases, through field and factory surveillance) and control (the resolution of existing cases, through herd restriction, reactor removal, ongoing testing, etc.). During the 1950s and early 1960s throughout the island, progress in these programmes was good, leading to a subs
- 出版日期2009
