科研之友
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摘要
The first confirmed interstellar interloper in our Solar system, 1I/'Oumuamua, is likely to be a minor body ejected from another star, but its brief flyby and faintness made it difficult to study. Two remarkable properties are its large (up to 2.5mag) rotational variability and its motion relative to the Sun before encounter. The former suggests an extremely elongated shape (aspect ratio >= 10) and the latter an origin from the protoplanetary disc of a young star in a nearby association. Against expectations, it is also not comet-like. 1I/'Oumuamua's variability can also be explained if it is a contact binary composed of near-equilibrium ellipsoidal components and heterogeneous surfaces, i. e. brighter, dust-mantled inner-facing hemispheres and darker, dustfree outer-facing poles. Such shapes are a plausible outcome of radiation, tides, and collisions in systems where planets are clearing planetesimal discs. The probability that 1I/'Oumuamua has the same motion as a young (less than or similar to 100 Myr) stellar association by coincidence is < 1 per cent. If it is young, its detection versus more numerous, older counterparts could be explained as a selection effect due to darkening of surfaces by Galactic cosmic rays and loss of dust. 1I/'Oumuamua's apparent lack of ices can be explained if ejected rocky planetesimals are characteristically smaller and thus far more numerous than their icy counterparts: the Solar system may currently host several such objects captured by the combined gravity of Jupiter and the Sun.
- 出版日期2018-7
