Does Physical Activity Mediate the Associations between Local-Area Descriptive Norms, Built Environment Walkability, and Glycosylated Hemoglobin?

作者：Carroll Suzanne J^*; Niyonsenga Theo; Coffee Neil T; Taylor Anne W; Daniel Mark

来源：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2017, 14(9): 953.

DOI：10.3390/ijerph14090953

• physical activity
• cardiometabolic disease
• residential environments
• descriptive norms
• built environment
• walkability
• mediation
• glycosylated hemoglobin

Associations between local-area residential features and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) may be mediated by individual-level health behaviors. Such indirect effects have rarely been tested. This study assessed whether individual-level self-reported physical activity mediated the influence of local-area descriptive norms and objectively expressed walkability on 10-year change in HbA(1c). HbA(1c) was assessed three times for adults in a 10-year population-based biomedical cohort (n = 4056). Local-area norms specific to each participant were calculated, aggregating responses from a separate statewide surveillance survey for 1600 m road-network buffers centered on participant addresses (local prevalence of overweight/obesity (body mass index >= 25 kg/m(2)) and physical inactivity (< 150 min/week)). Separate latent growth models estimated direct and indirect (through physical activity) effects of local-area exposures on change in HbA(1c), accounting for spatial clustering and covariates (individual-level age, sex, smoking status, marital status, employment and education, and area-level median household income). HbA(1c) worsened over time. Local-area norms directly and indirectly predicted worsening HbA(1c) trajectories. Walkability was directly and indirectly protective of worsening HbA(1c). Local-area descriptive norms and walkability influence cardiometabolic risk trajectory through individual-level physical activity. Efforts to reduce population cardiometabolic risk should consider the extent of local-area unhealthful behavioral norms and walkability in tailoring strategies to improve physical activity.

• 出版日期2017-9