A Historical Review of Gender-Affirming Medicine: Focus on Genital Reconstruction Surgery

作者：Frey Jordan D; Poudrier Grace; Thomson Jennifer E; Hazen Alexes^*

来源：The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2017, 14(8): 991-1002.

DOI：10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.06.007

• Gender-Affirming Surgery
• Transgender Health Care
• Surgical History
• Gender-Affirming Genital Reconstruction Surgery
• Historical Overview

Gender dysphoria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) is characterized by a marked discrepancy between one's birth-assigned sex and one's gender identity and is sometimes addressed by gender-affirming surgery. As public visibility and institutional support for the transgender and gender non-conforming population continue to increase, the demand for competent multidisciplinary teams of medical professionals equipped to care for this population is expected to rise-including plastic surgeons, urologists, gynecologists, endocrinologists, and breast surgeons, among others. Genital reconstruction procedures for the male-to-female and female-to-male transgender patient present unique surgical challenges that continue to evolve from their respective origins in the 19th and 20th centuries. A historical review of surgical techniques and standards of care attendant to gender-affirming medicine is presented, with foremost emphasis placed on how techniques for genital reconstruction in particular continue to evolve and advance. In addition, the current status of transition-related health care in the United States, including research gaps and contemporary clinical challenges, is reviewed.

• 出版日期2017-8