Development and validation of a questionnaire for the assessment of cognitive distortions among Mexican patients with end-stage renal disease

作者：Lerma Abel; Salazar Elihud; Perez Grovas Hector; Bermudez Luis; Gutierrez David; Reyes Lagunes Isabel; Bochicchio Tommaso; Robles Garcia Rebeca; Lerma Claudia^*

来源：Salud Mental, 2012, 35(3): 189-194.

• Assessment
• cognition
• renal failure
• cognitive distortions
• hemodialysis

Background
Psychological disturbances are common in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). From the cognitive-behavioral theoretical perspective, they may be due largely to specific cognitive distortions (CD) that are likely to be modified by brief interventions. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an instrument for evaluation of specific CD among patients with CRF.
Method
A questionnaire with an encouraging phrase for each of five categories of CD (catastrophizing, dichotomous thinking, outside self-worth, negative self-labeling, and perfectionism) was developed. This was applied to 21 patients with CRF (11 women and 10 men). Based on the technique of natural semantic networks, a set of responses (defining words) with greater semantic weight to each sentence stimulus (core network) were identified and a pilot instrument was developed. This one was applied along with Beck's inventories of anxiety and depression among 255 patients with CRF (118 women, 137 men) attended in four different hospitals.
Results
The pilot questionnaire was composed of 46 items with greater semantic weight between 343 original defining words. Sixteen items were discarded for lack of ability to discriminate (1), low internal reliability (8) and duplicated in more than one factor (7). The final instrument of 30 items had an internal consistency of 0.93 for the total scale and more than 0.75 in all subscales. The five factors correlated positively and significantly with each other and with symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Conclusions
The instrument that is presented is a valid and reliable measure to assess five CD associated with depression and anxiety in Mexican patients with CRF. It is suggested as a useful tool for the design and evaluation of cognitive behavioral interventions for depression and anxiety among patients with CRF.

• 出版日期2012-6