A century of high pressure: technological and scientific developments.

作者：Demazeau Gerard^*

来源：Comptes Rendus Chimie, 2009, 12(9): 933-942.

DOI：10.1016/j.crci.2008.08.001

• High pressure technology
• High pressure synthesis
• High pressure applications
• High pressure developments

A century of high pressure: technological and scientific developments. This paper is devoted to the development of high pressures during approximately one century and the main scientific domains concerned by such a development. <br xmlns:set="http://exslt.org/sets">Roughly three main periods have been considered: (i) the early period at the beginning of XXth century (1900 -> 1970), the second period (1970 -> 2005) taking into account some important technical developments (the high pressure vessels with a large volume, the diamond anvil cell associated with the laser heating ...), and a prospective concerning, on the basis of recent results, the possible developments during the next 10 years.
The early period was mainly characterized by some industrial problems: the improvement of the mechanical properties of alloys and consequently the requirement for performant cutting and machining tools (leading to the diamond synthesis), the synthesis of ammonia (initiated both by the development of explosives and the requirement of fertilisers), the preservation of foods (correlated to a new organization of the Society), the elaboration of single crystals characterized by specific physical properties with functional properties for the development of some industrial sectors (telecommunications, computer science ...).
The more recent period (1970-2005) has been characterized by the development of new performant tools able to improve the development of scientific domains (diamond-anvil-cell and Geosciences, Belt-type, multi-anvils and toroid equipments and the Chemistry of Materials, high pressure vessels and Food-Science...).
During these last years roughly three main tendances have been observed: (i) the investigation of researches at extreme (P, T) conditions, (ii) the improvement of researches involving mild (P, T) conditions mainly in liquid phase (hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis), (W) the development of high pressures in Biology and Biotechnology.
During the next years the extension of high pressure level and also the development of the next scientific domains would improve research involving different planets. In parallel the development of chemical reactions in mild P, T conditions in a liquid phase would allow to prepare new hybrid nano-systems at the interface between inorganic and organic chemistry, inorganic and biological chemistry or new supramolecular systems. The applications of high pressures in Biotechnology due in particular to the low energy conveyed by pressure - would lead to new research domains or industrial processes involving either the inactivation of pathogen microorganisms with the development of new vaccines or the domain of the proteins ... To cite this article: G. Demazeau, C R. Chimie 12 (2009).

• 出版日期2009-9