Monitoring the brain before, during, and after cardiac surgery to improve long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes

作者：Ghanayem Nancy S^*; Mitchell Michael E; Tweddell James S; Hoffman George M

来源：Cardiology in the Young, 2006, 16(S3): 103-109.

DOI：10.1017/S1047951106000837

• venous oximetry
• near infrared spectroscopy
• transcranial Doppler
• electroencephalography
• risk factors

<jats:p>Innovation in surgical and medical management of cardiac disease has generated a dramatic improvement in operative survival. Along with these favourable results in terms of survival is the heightened awareness of neurologic complications, which often become evident beyond the early postoperative period. A large, multicentre prospective study found serious neurologic injury occurs in about one-twentieth of patients after myocardial revascularization in adults.<jats:sup>1</jats:sup>More subtle evidence of persistent cognitive decline and functional impairment has been shown to occur in over two-fifths of such patients.<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>Acute neurologic abnormalities are reported in up to one-fifth of infants and children who undergo cardiac surgery.<jats:sup>3</jats:sup><jats:sup>–</jats:sup><jats:sup>6</jats:sup>Lasting impairments in cognitive, motor, and expressive functioning have been reported in up to three-fifths of children who have undergone complex cardiac surgery during infancy.<jats:sup>7</jats:sup>Specifically, gross and fine motor delays, visual-spatial problems, language deficits and long-term emotional and behavioural problems have been found.<jats:sup>8</jats:sup><jats:sup>–</jats:sup><jats:sup>13</jats:sup></jats:p>

• 出版日期2006-9