An investigation on surface tensions of Pb-free solder materials

作者：Dogan Ali; Arslan Huseyin^*

来源：Philosophical Magazine, 2016, 96(27): 2887-2901.

DOI：10.1080/14786435.2016.1217361

• Surface tension
• geometric models
• Butler equation
• Pb-free ternary solder alloys

Surface tensions of some Pb-free solder systems such as Ag-Bi-Sn with cross-sections Ag/Bi=1/1, Ag/Bi=1/2, Ag/Bi=2/1, In-Sn-Zn with cross-sections Sn/In=1/1, Sn/In=1/3 and (Ag7Cu3)(100-x) Sn-x with cross-section Ag/Cu=7/3 are calculated from the sub-binary surface tension data using the models, such as the Muggianu, Kohler, Toop models, Butler's equation and Chou's General Solution Model (GSM) at 873, 923 and 1073 K, respectively. The surface tension of In-Sn-Zn increases wavily with increasing amount of Zn and it is found that the best models are the GSM for both cross-sections in question while GSM becomes the best model for (Ag7Cu3)(100-x) Sn-x alloy in the whole experimental range. Moreover, the surface tension of (Ag7Cu3)(100-x) Sn-x decreases slightly with increasing amount of Sn. The Muggianu, Butler and Butler models are determined as the best models for the cross-sections in the order given above for entire measurement range, respectively, and the surface tension of Ag-Bi-Sn decreases slightly with an increasing amount of Bi and Ag but increases with increasing Sn in liquid alloys.

• 出版日期2016