科研之友
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摘要
BACKGROUND: Repeated exposure to addictive drugs or alcohol triggers glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) plasticity in many neuronal populations. The dorsomedial striatum (DMS), a brain region critically involved in addiction, contains medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing dopamine D-1 or D-2 receptors, which form direct and indirect pathways, respectively. It is unclear how alcohol-evoked plasticity in the DMS contributes to alcohol consumption in a cell type-specific manner. METHODS: Mice were trained to consume alcohol using an intermittent-access two-bottle-choice drinking procedure. Slice electrophysiology was used to measure glutamatergic and GABAergic strength in DMS D-1- and D-2-MSNs of alcohol-drinking mice and control mice. In vivo chemogenetic and pharmacologic approaches were employed to manipulate MSN activity, and their consequences on alcohol consumption were measured. RESULTS: Repeated cycles of alcohol consumption and withdrawal in mice strengthened glutamatergic transmission in D-1-MSNs and GABAergic transmission in D-2-MSNs. In vivo chemogenetic excitation of D-1-MSNs, mimicking glutamatergic strengthening, promoted alcohol consumption; the same effect was induced by D-2-MSN inhibition, mimicking GABAergic strengthening. Importantly, suppression of GABAergic transmission via D-2 receptor-glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta signaling dramatically reduced excessive alcohol consumption, as did selective inhibition of D-1-MSNs or excitation of D-2-MSNs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that repeated cycles of excessive alcohol intake and withdrawal potentiate glutamatergic strength exclusively in D-1-MSNs and GABAergic strength specifically in D-2-MSNs of the DMS, which concurrently contribute to alcohol consumption. These results provide insight into the synaptic and cell type-specific mechanisms underlying alcohol addiction and identify targets for the development of new therapeutic approaches to alcohol abuse.
- 出版日期2017-6-1
