Nipple-Areola Complex Reconstruction

作者：Gougoutas Alexander J^*; Said Hakim K; Um Grace; Chapin Anne; Mathes David W

来源：Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2018, 141(3): 404E-416E.

DOI：10.1097/PRS.0000000000004166

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand how to determine nipple-areola complex positioning on the reconstructed breast. 2. Understand the multitude of local flap and distant graft options for nipple-areola complex reconstruction. 3. Draw at least three fundamental nipple-areola complex reconstruction patterns. 4. Understand the forces that are responsible for flattening of the reconstructed papule. 5. Understand the current techniques used in secondary nipple-areola complex reconstructions.
Summary: Nipple-areola complex reconstruction and tattooing represent the final two stages of breast reconstruction. Nipple-areola complex reconstruction is typically accomplished with the use of local flaps, local flaps with augmentation grafts, or a combination thereof. Regardless of the technique used, however, all nipple-areola complex reconstructions lose a degree of projection over time. Options for secondary reconstruction include the use of local tissue flaps alone or in combination with acellular biological matrices.

• 出版日期2018-3