科研之友
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摘要
Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) connect the living human brain with an external system. The neuronal activity of the brain can be recorded non-invasively with electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, and imaging technology as well as invasively with electrocorticography or intracortically with single electrodes or multiple electrode arrays. Within a closed loop, users are provided with visual, auditory, or tactile feedback of a specific component of brain activity which enables them to regulate this activity. In many studies it has been shown that patients with severe motor impairment can learn to communicate by means of a BCL Patients after stroke or in the end-stage of neurodegenerative disease may even be in the so-called locked-in state, with only residual muscular movement for communication, such as eye blinks. Locked-in patients were also able to communicate with BCI. Neurofeedback has been used successfully to improve motor and cognitive performance and to influence emotional reaction. For example, after neurofeedback training children with attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome were better in focusing their attention and scored higher in intelligence tests. There are still several technical problems to overcome to broaden the field of BCI application and the influence of psychological variables such as motivation, mental imagery, or attributional styles on BCI performance remains to be elucidated. Despite these challenges we believe that the time has come for clinical application of BCI.
- 出版日期2008-6
