Diet, physical, and biochemical characteristics of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: relationship between dietary fat and glucose control

作者：Maffeis Claudio^*; Morandi Anita; Ventura Emily; Sabbion Alberto; Contreas Giovanna; Tomasselli Francesca; Tommasi Mara; Fasan Ilaria; Costantini Silvia; Pinelli Leonardo

来源：Pediatric Diabetes, 2012, 13(2): 137-146.

DOI：10.1111/j.1399-5448.2011.00781.x

• adolescents
• children
• diet
• glucose control
• intervention
• obesity
• saturated fat
• type 1 diabetes

Background: Nutritional habits may significantly influence glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). %26lt;br%26gt;Aims: To assess dietary intake, cardiovascular risk factors, and the association between diet composition and glycemic control in Italian youth with T1D. %26lt;br%26gt;Methods: Subjects included 114 youth aged 6-16 yr with T1D receiving a routine treatment program with nutrition counseling and 448 controls. Cross-sectional measures included dietary intake, anthropometry, blood pressure, lipid profile, and, in children with diabetes, HbA1c. %26lt;br%26gt;Results: In prepubertal children, BMI, subcutaneous skinfolds, the prevalence of overweight/ obesity, and LDL cholesterol (LDL-CH) were significantly lower in patients than in controls, whereas HDL cholesterol (HDL-CH) was higher. Pubertal boys with T1D did not differ significantly from controls in either anthropometry or lipid profile. Pubertal girls with T1D had a higher BMI and higher triceps skinfolds than controls but not significantly different prevalence of overweight/ obesity or lipid profile. Compared to controls, participants with T1D had a lower intake of lipids and simple carbohydrates, a higher ratio of unsaturated/ saturated fats and fibre, and a dietary intake closer to the National Reference Dietary Intakes (RDIs). The odds of having an HbA1c higher than 7.5, adjusted for BMI, lipid, and fibre intake, increases by 53% for every 1% increase of energy intake from saturated fat in the diet and by 30% for every year of duration of diabetes. %26lt;br%26gt;Conclusions: Youth with T1D having regular nutritional counseling had a diet closer to RDIs than controls and not different cardiovascular risk factors. High saturated fatty acid intake was associated with poor blood glucose control.

• 出版日期2012-3