Diversity and evolution of class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems

作者：Shmakov Sergey; Smargon Aaron; Scott David; Cox David; Pyzocha Neena; Yan Winston; Abudayyeh Omar O; Gootenberg Jonathan S; Makarova Kira S; Wolf Yuri I; Severinov Konstantin; Zhang Feng^*; Koonin Eugene V^*

来源：Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2017, 15(3): 169-182.

DOI：10.1038/nrmicro.2016.184

Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems are characterized by effector modules that consist of a single multidomain protein, such as Cas9 or Cpf1. We designed a computational pipeline for the discovery of novel class 2 variants and used it to identify six new CRISPR-Cas subtypes. The diverse properties of these new systems provide potential for the development of versatile tools for genome editing and regulation. In this Analysis article, we present a comprehensive census of class 2 types and class 2 subtypes in complete and draft bacterial and archaeal genomes, outline evolutionary scenarios for the independent origin of different class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems from mobile genetic elements, and propose an amended classification and nomenclature of CRISPR-Cas.

• 出版日期2017-3
• 单位MIT; NIH; rutgers