Urinary trans, trans-muconic acid and S-phenylmercapturic acid are indicative of exposure to urban benzene pollution during childhood

作者：Protano Carmela; Andreoli Roberta; Manini Paola; Vitali Matteo^*

来源：Science of the Total Environment, 2012, 435: 115-123.

DOI：10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.004

• Benzene exposure
• Children
• Biomarkers
• Urbanisation

The aims of the study were to evaluate the feasibility of urinary trans, trans-muconic acid (u-t,t-MA) and urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (u-SPMA) as markers of exposure to urban benzene pollution for biomonitoring studies performed on children and to investigate the impact that creatinine correction may have on the classification of children exposure status. %26lt;br%26gt;U-t,t-MA u-SPMA u-cotinine, and u-creatinine levels were measured in urine samples of 396 Italian children (5-11 years) living in three areas with different degrees of urbanisation (very, fairly and non-urban). %26lt;br%26gt;The median u-SPMA levels significantly increased with increased urbanisation: non-urban (0.19 mu g/L; 0.22 mu g/g creatinine) %26lt; fairly urban (0.28 mu g/L: 0.28 mu g/g creatinine) %26lt; very urban group (0.92 mu g/L; 0.90 mu g/g creatinine). Differences in the levels of u-t,t-MA excretion related to the degree of urbanisation were revealed only by multivariate analyses. Neither u-SPMA nor u-t,t-MA levels were influenced by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure. %26lt;br%26gt;Athletic activity during the sampling day was negatively associated with u-SPMA in the model built with u-SPMA adjusted for creatinine, but not in the model where unadjusted u-SPMA was used. This finding demonstrates that u-creatinine correction may alter the results when an independent variable is unrelated to the chemical concentration itself but is related to the u-creatinine levels. %26lt;br%26gt;These results suggest that both u-SPMA and u-t,t-MA are indicative for assessing environmental benzene exposure in children (exposed and unexposed to ETS) when urine sample is collected at the end of the day. However, u-SPMA is more reliable because u-t,t-MA, also a metabolite of sorbic acid, is less specific for exposure to low levels of benzene. %26lt;br%26gt;To avoid the possible confounding effect of creatinine correction, it is better to use u-creatinine as additional independent variable in multiple linear regression analyses for evaluating the independent role of the covariates on the variability of u-t,t-MA and u-SPMA levels.

• 出版日期2012-10-1