Adaptive-capacity and robust natural language watermarking for agglutinative languages

作者：Kim Mi Young^*; Goebel Randy

来源：Security and Communication Networks, 2012, 5(3): 301-310.

DOI：10.1002/sec.336

• natural language watermarking
• agglutinative language
• morphological division
• syntactic dependency tree

We present a robust and adaptive-capacity watermarking algorithm for agglutinative languages. All processes, including the selection of sentences to be watermarked, watermark embedding, and watermark extraction, are based on syntactic dependency trees. We show that it is more robust to use syntactic dependency trees than the surface forms of sentences in text watermarking. For the agglutinative languages, we embed watermark using the two main characteristics of the languages. First, because a word consists of several morphemes, we can watermark sentences using morphological division/combination without deep linguistic analysis. Second, they permit relatively free word order, so we can move a syntactic constituent within its clause. Finally, to increase the information-hiding capacity, we adaptively compute the number of watermark bits to be embedded for each sentence.

• 出版日期2012-3