Distribution of Total Dissolved Solids in Drinking Water by Means of Bayesian Kriging and Gaussian Spatial Predictive Process

作者：Hussain Ijaz^*; Shakeel Muhammad; Faisal Muhammad; Soomro Zameer Ahmad; Hussain Munawar; Hussain Tajammal

来源：Water Quality, Exposure and Health, 2014, 6(4): 177-185.

DOI：10.1007/s12403-014-0123-9

• Bayesian kriging
• Gaussian spatial predictive process
• Drinking water
• Model-based ordinary
• Punjab province
• Total dissolved solids

High level of total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking water may cause problems in human body such as, stiffness of the joints, kidney stones, gallstones, and it may also cause hardening of arteries and sometime blockage of arteries in severe conditions. The TDS level of groundwater with spatial domain Punjab province, Pakistan is considered as response variable (random field) in present paper. Model-based ordinary kriging (OK), Bayesian ordinary kriging (BOK), and Gaussian spatial predictive process are used to model the spatial distribution of response variable. These methods ultimately estimate predictions maps and probabilities with specified threshold limit. The BOK performs better than OK and Gaussian spatial predictive process in terms of root mean square prediction error. This study reveals that the elevated TDS level crossing WHO permissible limit (1,000 mg/l) found in 24% sample. Bahawalpur, Dera Ghazi Khan, Hafizabad, Khushab, Nankana Shaib, Okara, and Toba Tek Singh districts of Punjab province are observed of great concern.

• 出版日期2014-12
• 单位上海生物信息技术研究中心