科研之友
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摘要
Integration of innovative membrane processes such as membrane distillation (MD) and membrane crystallization (MCr) with conventional pressure-driven operations provide interesting gateways to recover water and minerals from brine at cost competitive with traditional techniques and with improved quality of the salts extracted. Membrane development is one of the most important factors for future progress and commercialization of MD and MCr, thus, in this study, the performance of different poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes have been tested for water production from (1) NaCl solutions, (2) synthetic sea water, and (3) brine. The utilized membranes have also proved their stability in treatment of saturated solutions for the recovery of high-quality epsomite crystals. In desalination, MD and MCr provide, besides water recovery factors above 90%, the possibility to recover minerals from brine that can partly contribute to the existing mineral extraction industry. This study aims also to give an outlook of the ambitious step toward zero liquid discharge in desalination, where components such as magnesium, barium, and lithium might be recovered from brine in high quantities and qualities. The positive prospects of intelligent integrations (reverse osmosis [RO] + MD + MCr) for water production and mineral recovery are also shown by estimations of process intensification metrics, such as mass and waste intensities. The improvement of the process with continued treatment of RO brine by means of MD and MCr is illustrated by the significant decrease of these parameters.
- 出版日期2016-4
