Clinical pharmacokinetics of melatonin: a systematic review

作者：Harpsoe Nathja Groth^*; Andersen Lars Peter Holst; Gogenur Ismail; Rosenberg Jacob

来源：European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2015, 71(8): 901-909.

DOI：10.1007/s00228-015-1873-4

• Exogenous
• Melatonin
• Patients
• Pharmacokinetic
• Volunteers

Purpose The aim of the review was to provide an overview of studies investigating the pharmacokinetics of exogenous melatonin in humans and if possible, to provide recommendations for clinical use.
Methods The review was conducted in accordance to PRISMA guidelines. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and Embase databases. The pharmacokinetic variables included maximal plasma/serum concentration (C-max), time to maximal plasma/serum concentration (T-max), elimination half-life (T-1/2), area-under-the-curve plasma/serum concentrations (AUC), clearance (Cl), volume of distribution (V-D), and bioavailability.
Results The literature search identified 392 records. Twenty-two studies were included in the review. Melatonin dosages varied between 0.3 and 100 mg and were administered either orally or intravenously. C-max ranged from 72.1 (10 ml/h; 0.02 mg, IV) to 101,163 pg/ml (100 mg, oral). T-max ranged between 15 (2 mg) and 210 min (10 mg). T-1/2 ranged from 28 (0.005 mg, IV) to 126 min (4 mg, oral), whereas AUC ranged between 5400 (0.005 mg, IV) and 6.56 x 10(10) pg/ml x min (1 mg, oral). Cl ranged from 0.97 (0.005 mg, IV) to 132.50 L/min (6 mg, oral), whereas V-D ranged between 35 (0.005 mg, IV) and 1602 L (4 mg, oral). Bioavailability of oral melatonin ranged from 9 to 33 %. Pharmacokinetics was affected by age, caffeine, smoking, oral contraceptives, feeding status, and fluvoxamine. Critically ill patients displayed accelerated absorption and compromised elimination.
Conclusions Despite methodological differences between the included studies, T-max was approximately 50 min following oral immediate-release formulations of melatonin. T-1/2 was 45 min in both administration routes. C-max, AUC, Cl, and V-D varied extensively between studies. Bioavailability of oral melatonin was approximately 15 %.

• 出版日期2015-8