科研之友
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摘要
Consumption of nicotine in the form of smokeless tobacco (snus snuff chewing tobacco) or nicotine-containing medication (gum patch) may benefit sport practice Indeed use of snus seems to be a growing trend and investigating nicotine consumption amongst professional athletes is of major interest to sport authorities Thus a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the detection and quantification of nicotine and its principal metabolites cotinine trans-3-hydroxycotinine nicotine-N-oxide and cotinine-N-oxide in urine was developed Sample preparation was performed by liquid-liquid extraction followed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) operated in electrospray positive ionization (ESI) mode with selective reaction monitoring (SRM) data acquisition The method was validated and calibration curves were linear over the selected concentration ranges of 10-10 000 ng/mL for nicotine cotinine trans-3-hydroxycotinine and 10-5000 ng/mL for nicotine-N-oxide and cotinine-N-oxide with calculated coefficients of determination (R-2) greater than 095 The total extraction efficiency (%) was concentration dependent and ranged between 704 and 100 4% The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for all analytes was 10 ng/mL Repeatability and intermediate precision were <= 9 4 and <= 9 9% respectively In order to measure the prevalence of nicotine exposure during the 2009 Ice Hockey World Championships 72 samples were collected and analyzed after the minimum of 3 months storage period and complete removal of identification means as required by the 2009 International Standards for Laboratories (ISL) Nicotine and/or metabolites were detected in every urine sample while concentration measurements indicated an exposure within the last 3 days for eight specimens out of ten Concentrations of nicotine cotinine trans-3-hydroxycotinine nicotine-N-oxide and cotinine-N-oxide were found to range between 11 and 19 750 13 and 10 475 10 and 8217 11 and 3396 and 13 and 1640 ng/mL respectively When proposing conservative concentration limits for nicotine consumption prior and/or during the games (50 ng/mL for nicotine cotinine and trans-3-hydroxycotinine and 25 ng/mL for nicotine-N-oxide and cotinine-N-oxide) about half of the hockey players were qualified as consumers These findings significantly support the likelihood of extensive smokeless nicotine consumption
- 出版日期2010-11-26
