House dust mites: biology, ecology and relevant molecular allergens

作者：Pauli G^*; Bessot J C

来源：Revue Francaise d'Allergologie, 2013, 53: S45-S58.

• House dust mites
• Allergens
• Biology
• Cross-reactive allergens
• Pyroglyphidae allergens
• Storage mite allergens
• Blomia tropicalis

The taxonomy, anatomy, life cycle and ecology of Pyroglyphidae mites and strorage mites (Acaridae, Glycyphagidae, B.tropicalis) are described. Morphologies are quite similar but fecundity is superior in storage mites compared to the Pyroglyphides. Relative humidity is the main parameter, which regulates mite development. Bedding is the ecological niche of Pyroglyphidae which feed on human skin. Food products are the storage mites biotope from which they can spread in urban dwellings. B.tropicalis, in tropical regions is a true domestic mite. %26lt;br%26gt;Since 1988, molecular knowledge has considerably increased and structures and functions have been determined for most of mite allergens. Of the 23 denominated allergens, the major IgE-binding has been reported for groups 1 and 2 accounting for 40-60% of the anti-house dust mite titers. Der p 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 allergens account for about 80% of the IgE-response. The IgE-binding to groups 3, 8, 10, 20 is low. Most allergens are proteolytic enzymes: Der p1 for instance is a cysteine protease. Der p 2 has structural homology with MD-2, a co-receptor of the Toll-like receptor (TLR4) whose ligand is LPS. Knowledge of the mite allergens structure has allowed better interpretation of cross reactions between allergens from the same family or from more distant families. Molecular epidemiology has allowed a better choice of allergen molecules useful for diagnosis and also for future immunotherapy.

• 出版日期2013-11