Formation and utilization of recyclable wastes at engineering enterprise

作者：Torosyan V F^*; Zeng X; Torosyan E S; Lazareva A N; Tesleva E P

来源：Materials Science Forum, 2018, 927 MSF: 195-200.

DOI：10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.927.195

• Aluminothermy
• Electrochemical cleaning
• Electroplating
• Electroplating sludge
• Metal hydroxides
• Metal oxides
• Sludge depository
• Thermal treatment
• Vacuum filter

Mechanical engineering is the leading business unit, capable of giving impetus to innovation development of all industry sectors virtually, so restructuring and development of innovative production in engineering industry is an objective and urgent problem of modern times. Most of engineering fabrication procedures is followed by material and energy wastes, which can constitute an important part of the raw-material and energy resources base of modern industry. Electroplating sludges are those of secondary resources that can be utilized as raw materials in metallurgy. Plating sludges contain significant amounts of expensive and critical components, which in turn are powerful poisons capable of causing carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects on humans. There is an integrated technology for reclamation of complex electroplating sludges that contain more than 10% of zinc, copper, nickel, chromium and other metals. The technology includes such stages: sulphuric-acid leaching, sorption extraction of non-ferrous metals, strippant electrolysis, exhausted solution concentration, production of ceramic tiles using leaching residual [1]. In this case, all operations are carried out in a periodic mode. As a result, authors achieved extraction of heavy and non-ferrous metals into leach solution (more than 80%), chromium (81.2%), nickel (93.5%), zinc (97.5%) and copper (82.1%). The extraction of zinc into zinc strippant was 99.4%, copper and nickel into copper-zinc strippant (96.6% and 98.2%), chromium in chromium strippant (99.95%). The proposed process is non-waste, since wastewaters can be utilized to prepare a sulfuric-acid solution for sludge leaching and strippant solutions, and dehydrated leaching residuals - for production of ceramic tiles. Another method for electroplating sludges reclamation is based on thermal treatment, which allows obtaining both harmless combustion products and ash residues, which consist mainly of metal oxides. For thermal treatment, drum countercurrent furnaces as well as cyclone furnaces with gas overfeed were used [2]. Thus, engineering industries can profit from sludge reclamation, and reduce environmental stress level. Experimental work was carried out at the machine-building plant of LLC “Yurginsky Mashzavod”. In this paper, an innovative technology for sludge accumulation is presented as well as aluminothermic extracting of metals from iron-chrome sludge. Electroplating sludges are deposited in an over-ground collector-depository. At the plant the amount of sludge is about 0.2 thousand tons per year.

• 出版日期2018
• 单位清华大学