An assessment of air-sea heat fluxes from ocean and coupled reanalyses

作者：Valdivieso Maria^*; Haines Keith; Balmaseda Magdalena; Chang You Soon; Drevillon Marie; Ferry Nicolas; Fujii Yosuke; Koehl Armin; Storto Andrea; Toyoda Takahiro; Wang Xiaochun; Waters Jennifer; Xue Yan; Yin Yonghong; Barnier Bernard; Hernandez Fabrice; Kumar Arun; Lee Tong; Masina Simona; Peterson K Andrew

来源：Climate Dynamics, 2017, 49(3): 983-1008.

DOI：10.1007/s00382-015-2843-3

• Surface heat fluxes
• Assimilation fluxes
• Flux variability
• Flux comparisons with in situ buoy flux data
• Ocean and coupled reanalyses

Sixteen monthly air-sea heat flux products from global ocean/coupled reanalyses are compared over 19932009 as part of the Ocean Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (ORA-IP). Objectives include assessing the global heat closure, the consistency of temporal variability, comparison with other flux products, and documenting errors against in situ flux measurements at a number of OceanSITES moorings. The ensemble of 16 ORA-IP flux estimates has a global positive bias over 1993-2009 of 4.2 +/- 1.1 W m(-2). Residual heat gain (i. e., surface flux + assimilation increments) is reduced to a small positive imbalance (typically, + 1-2 W m(-2)). This compensation between surface fluxes and assimilation increments is concentrated in the upper 100 m. Implied steady meridional heat transports also improve by including assimilation sources, except near the equator. The ensemble spread in surface heat fluxes is dominated by turbulent fluxes (>40 W m(-2) over the western boundary currents). The mean seasonal cycle is highly consistent, with variability between products mostly <10 W m-2. The interannual variability has consistent signal-to-noise ratio (similar to 2) throughout the equatorial Pacific, reflecting ENSO variability. Comparisons at tropical buoy sites (10 degrees S-15 degrees N) over 2007-2009 showed too little ocean heat gain (i. e., flux into the ocean) in ORA-IP (up to 1/3 smaller than buoy measurements) primarily due to latent heat flux errors in ORA-IP. Comparisons with the Stratus buoy (20 degrees S, 85 degrees W) over a longer period, 2001-2009, also show the ORA-IP ensemble has 16 W m(-2) smaller net heat gain, nearly all of which is due to too much latent cooling caused by differences in surface winds imposed in ORA-IP.

• 出版日期2017-8