Disease Control, Survival, and Toxicity Outcome After Intensified Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Single-Institution Experience

作者：De Felice Francesca^*; Musio Daniela; Magnante Anna Lisa; Bulzonetti Nadia; Benevento Ilaria; Caiazzo Rossella; Tombolini Vincenzo

来源：Clinical Colorectal Cancer, 2016, 15(2): E17-E22.

DOI：10.1016/j.clcc.2016.02.006

• Neoadjuvant treatment
• Oxaliplatin
• pCR
• Pre-operative treatment
• Radiation

Development of distant metastasis remains high in locally advanced rectal cancer patients treated with a trimodal approach. We intensified the neoadjuvant treatment regimen by adding oxaliplatin to the standard 5-fluorouracil. Five-year follow-up data were encouraging, with excellent disease control rates and long-term survival. An oxaliplatin-based combination in the neoadjuvant setting could be a valid treatment option.
Purpose: To report the long-term follow-up data and determine the toxicity rate concerning patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) treated with an intensified neoadjuvant treatment regimen. Patients and Methods: Patients with histologically proven stage II to III adenocarcinoma of the rectum were included and treated with a trimodal approach. Intensified neoadjuvant treatment (chemoradiotherapy [CRT]) consisted of radiotherapy (total dose 50.4/54 Gy) and concomitant oxaliplatin (50 mg/m(2)/week) and 5-fluorouracil (200 mg/m(2)/5 daily continuous infusion). Surgery was planned 7 to 9 weeks after the end of CRT. Adjuvant chemotherapy was recommended in those patients with lymph node metastasis at diagnosis. Results: One hundred patients (median age, 64 years) were eligible. Overall, the 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival (DFS) were 76.4% and 74.5%, respectively. CRT was well tolerated, with only 17% grade 3/4 acute toxicity. Twenty-four patients (24%) had a pathologic complete response (pCR), and only 1 patient had perioperative metastasis. The 5-year DFS were 95.7% and 66.7% for pCR and no-pCR tumor histology, respectively (P = .0275). Conclusion: Although oxaliplatin is not considered to be a standard treatment, the high 5-year rate of overall survival and DFS, the low severe toxicity rates, and the effective benefit on pCR and perioperative metastasis support an intensified treatment regimen for LARC.

• 出版日期2016-6