科研之友
微信
新浪微博
Facebook
分享链接
摘要
<jats:p>Bio‐oil (pyrolysis oil) is the liquid product of biomass thermochemical conversion. It is a dark, viscous liquid that contains the depolymerization products of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The physicochemical properties of bio‐oils are determined by employing the conventional methods for fuels analysis with proper adaptations. However, the detailed composition of bio‐oils in terms of analytes as well as their concentration remains ambiguous and is a challenging task for analytical chemistry. The compounds in the bio‐oil range from nonpolar (e.g., hydrocarbons) to highly polar (e.g., phenolics) and from volatile (e.g., organic acids) to nonvolatile (e.g., sugar derivatives), covering a molecular weight (MW) range of about 50–2000 Da. Hence a combination of analytical techniques such as high pressure liquid chromatography, gas chromatography (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">GC</jats:styled-content>), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">NMR</jats:styled-content>), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are required to determine the bio‐oil's composition. Despite the significant breakthroughs of these techniques, they face limitations regarding the sample pretreatment, the incomplete separation and determination of components, and the need of multiple analyses with each method for more complete results. The development of sophisticated, comprehensive, and hyphenated chromatographic and spectrometric techniques such as <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">GC × GC</jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LC × LC</jats:styled-content>, high‐resolution mass spectrometry (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">HRMS</jats:styled-content>), and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">2D‐NMR</jats:styled-content> has brought actual advancement in the field of bio‐oil analysis. <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">GC × GC</jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LC × LC</jats:styled-content> have allowed the development of qualitative and quantitative methods for the individual determination of lower <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MW</jats:styled-content> compounds. However, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">HRMS</jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">2D‐NMR</jats:styled-content> have facilitated the elucidation of the structure of the higher <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MW</jats:styled-content> components, offering insight in the effect of pyrolysis conditions on biomass depolymerization and the possibilities for further upgrading of bio‐oils. <jats:italic>WIREs Energy Environ</jats:italic> 2016, 5:614–639. doi: 10.1002/wene.208</jats:p><jats:p>This article is categorized under: <jats:list list-type="explicit-label"> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Bioenergy > Science and Materials</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Bioenergy > Climate and Environment</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Energy and Climate > Climate and Environment</jats:p></jats:list-item> </jats:list></jats:p>
- 出版日期2016-12
