Atrial fibrillation and bleeding complication - risk factors and risk marker

作者：Breithardt G^*; Ravens U; Kirchhof P; van Gelder I C

来源：Nervenheilkunde, 2012, 31(11): 791-795.

• Atrial fibrillation
• prevalence
• risk factors
• risk markers
• complications
• stroke
• embolism

The development of atrial fibrillation (AF) is closely linked to risk factors like hypertension and heart failure, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction and valvular heart disease. These factors partly overlap with those which determine the progression of atrial fibrillation and the incidence of stroke. For prediction of progression of atrial fibrillation from paroxysmal to permanent AF, the HATCH score (heart failure, age, previous TIA or stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypertension) has been proposed. The CHADS(2) (s)core for prediction of stroke has been expanded in the recent guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology by additional factors. %26lt;br%26gt;The bleeding risk is partly related to the same risk factors that determine the development of AF and the risk of stroke and TIA. Although these and other score systems have been developed for the prediction of events in larger populations, and thus have some limitations when applied to the individual patient, they have increasingly been used in clinical practice. They help to achieve a better implementation of oral anticoagulation and of preventive measures to influence the development and progression of AF.