A New Skull of Hyaenictis Gaudry, 1861 (Carnivora, Hyaenidae) Shows Incipient Adaptations to Durophagy

作者：Vinuesa Vctor; Madurell Malapeira Joan; Werdelin Lars; Robles Josep M; Obrado Pau; Alba David M^*

来源：Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2017, 24(2): 207-219.

DOI：10.1007/s10914-016-9334-0

• Fossil carnivorans
• Miocene hyaenids
• Bone-cracking hyenas
• Taxonomy
• Vallesian
• NE Iberian Peninsula

The European Miocene records a wide diversity of hyaenid ecomorphotypes represented by multiple genera. Among these, Hyaenictis Gaudry, 1861, is one of the least known. This genus includes four species from the late Miocene and Pliocene of the Old World, but in Europe Hyaenictis is only represented by two species, recorded by scarce and fragmentary remains: Hyaenictis graeca Gaudry, 1861, from Pikermi (MN12; Greece) and Hyaenictis almerai Villalta Comella and Crusafont Pairo, 1948, from Sant Miquel de Toudell (MN10; Vallss-Penedss Basin, NE Iberia). Here, we describe a new skull of Hyaenictis aff. almerai from the Vallss-Penedss site of Ronda Oest Sabadell Sector D (MN10), representing the most complete European specimen of the genus. In the presence of m2 and virtual lack of m1 metaconid, the described cranium more closely resembles Hyaenictis rather than any other medium-to large-sized European hyaenid. However, the new skull does not fit well with previously known Hyaenictis species, more closely resembling the bone-cracking Adcrocuta Kretzoi, 1938, in the development of premolar accessory cuspids and the possession of relatively broad cheek teeth. These and other features (strong mandibular muscular insertions and enamel microstructure) denote more durophagous adaptations than previously documented in Hyaenictis (considered a cursorial/doglike hyaena), and favor the inclusion of H. aff. almerai in the transitional bone-cracking hyaenid ecomorphotype.

• 出版日期2017-6