Monitoring fitness, fatigue and running performance during a pre-season training camp in elite football players

作者：Buchheit M^*; Racinais S; Bil**orough J C; Bourdon P C; Voss S C; Hocking J; Cordy J; Mendez Villanueva A; Coutts A J

来源：Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2013, 16(6): 550-555.

DOI：10.1016/j.jsams.2012.12.003

• Heart rate variability
• Psychometric measures
• Saliva cortisol
• Standardized drills
• High-intensity intermittent running performance
• GPS

Objectives: To examine the usefulness of selected physiological and perceptual measures to monitor fitness, fatigue and running performance during a pre-season, 2-week training camp in eighteen professional Australian Rules Football players (21.9 +/- 2.0 years).
Design: Observational.
Methods: Training load, perceived ratings of wellness (e.g. fatigue, sleep quality) and salivary cortisol were collected daily. Submaximal exercise heart rate (HRex) and a vagal-related heart rate variability index (LnSD1) were also collected at the start of each training session. Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 test (Yo-YoIR2, assessed pre-, mid- and post-camp, temperate conditions) and high-speed running distance during standardized drills (HSR, >14.4 km h(-1), 4 times throughout, qutdoor) were used as performance measures.
Results: There were significant (P<0.001 for all) day-to-day variations-in training load (coefficient of variation, CV: 66%), wellness measures (6-18%), HRex (3.3%), LnSD1 (19.0%), but not cortisol (20.0%, P=0.60). While the overall wellness (+0.06,90% CL (-0.14; 0.02) AU day(-1)) did not change substantially throughout the camp, HRex decreased (-0.51 (-0.58; -0.45) % day(-1)), and cortisol (+0.31 (0.06; 0.57) nmol L-1 day(-1)), LnSD1 (+0.1 (0.04; 0.06) ms day(-1)), Yo-YoIR2 performance (+23.7(20.8; 26.6) m day(-1), P<0.001), and HSR (+4.1 (1.5; 6.6) m day(-1), P<0.001) increased. Day-to-day Delta HRex (r = 0.80, 90% CL (0.75; 0.85)), Delta LnSD1 (0.51 (r = 0.40; 0.62)) and all wellness measures (0.28 (-0.39; -0.17) < r < 0.25 (0.14; 0.36)) were related to straining load. There was however no clear relationship between Scortisol and Straining load. Delta Yo-YoIR2 was correlated with Delta HRex (r=0.88(0.84; 0.92)), Delta LnSD1 (r = 0.78 (0.67; 0.89)), Delta wellness (r = 0.58 (0.41; 0.75), but not Delta cortisol. SHSR was correlated with Delta HRex (r = -0.27 (-0.48; -0.06)) and Delta wellness (r = 0.65 (0.49; 0.81)), but neither with Delta LnSD1 nor Delta cortisol.
Conclusions: Training load, HRex and wellness measures are the best simple measures for monitoring training responses to an intensified training camp; cortisol post-exercise and LnSD1 did not show practical efficacy here.

• 出版日期2013-11