科研之友
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摘要
The descent of some mountain species into the lowlands is an interesting phenomenon in plant geography and ecology. The main purpose of the present study is to update the list of mountain species for the Silesian Uplands and to provide a synthesis of the knowledge accumulated to date on the habitats for their occurrence, a possible origin and their distribution patterns. In the present study, both the authors' own records and those obtained by other researchers have been used: published, unpublished and herbarium records, and assembled in a form compatible with the Atlas of distribution of vascular plants in Poland (ATPOL) in the ATPOL-Silesia database). A list of mountain species present in the study region (approximately 4000 km(2)) is provided in relation to their altitudinal groups. For each species, information about its affiliation to geographical elements and the type of habitats in which it has occurred is recorded. The distribution of mountain species in the Silesian Uplands has been investigated by mapping the species onto a grid of 2 x 2 km squares (1040 in total). For ATPOL squares, containing at least one mountain species (N = 647), CORINE land cover data were obtained and used in explaining the distribution of mountain species composition and richness. In the vascular flora of the Silesian Uplands 76 mountain taxa have been noted, including 2 submontane, 41 montane, 1 subalpine and 32 multizonal species. The list of mountain species has been supplemented with Lonicera nigra and Cirsium erisithales. Many mountain species occurring in the Silesian Uplands have localities distributed throughout the whole region and thus they do not represent any particular type of range. Some species show certain patterns of distribution associated with local habitat conditions. Stands of the montane species are concentrated mainly in the western part of the Silesian Uplands, while the multizonal species are concentrated in the eastern and central part of the study area. Most of the mountain species occur in natural habitats, in particular in broadleaved woodlands, even when they have been degraded. However, some of the species prefer strongly degraded habitats, in particular sand- and clay-pits, quarries and industrial spoils which has been confirmed by multivariate (RDA) analysis. Discussing the possible origin of the mountain species in the Silesian Uplands one can consider migration routes from two directions: from the Sudety Mts. or from the Carpathian Mts. (located approximately 400 km south-west from a study area and 50-100 km south, respectively). Another possible explanation is that the species had a wider range during the glaciations and survived here in refugia.
- 出版日期2011
