科研之友
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摘要
Over the last several decades, blacks in the United States have experienced substantial health disadvantages compared to other racial and ethnic groups. These disadvantages have been observed for important types of morbidity and early mortality, which public health interventions have achieved limited progress in improving. A promising new direction in health geographic research investigates the relationships among racial residential segregation, neighborhood socioeconomic inequality, and racial health disparities in urban areas of the United States. Historical evidence shows that as class isolation increases in racially segregated neighborhoods, poverty is concentrated, resulting in reduced opportunities and available and accessible amenities and resources, important factors in the promotion and maintenance of population health and well-being. Contemporary evidence shows that the ability to modify the structural constraints that create and exacerbate these unhealthy "place" environments are limited by social and public health policies. This study therefore explores modifiable pathways by which to inform social and public health policy to improve the health of black residents living in concentrated poverty. The historical context of racial residential segregation and neighborhood socioeconomic inequality in the United States is reviewed. A contemporary case study of racial disparities in low birth weight in the Detroit, Michigan, metropolitan area is also presented to demonstrate the persistence of racial health disparities. To address racial health disparities it is recommended that future health policy be linked to housing policy as a way to provide social mobility options for residents living in racially segregated, concentrated poverty neighborhoods.
- 出版日期2012
