Associations between BMI Change and Cardiometabolic Risk in Retired Football Players

作者：Trexler Eric T; Smith Ryan Abbie E^*; Defreese J D; Marshall Stephen W; Guskiewicz Kevin M; Kerr Zachary Y

来源：Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2018, 50(4): 684-690.

DOI：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001492

• OBESITY
• CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
• CHD
• DIABETES
• HYPERTENSION
• BLOOD PRESSURE

Purpose Elevated rates of cardiometabolic diseases have been observed in former American football players. The current study sought to determine whether change in body mass index (BMI) after retirement influences the prevalence of CHD, diabetes, or high blood pressure (HBP) in former professional football players.
Methods Retired professional football players (n = 3729) were sent a survey with questions regarding health status, playing history, and demographic information. Self-reported BMI at the time of retirement was subtracted from current self-reported BMI to calculate BMI. Prevalence of CHD, diabetes, and HBP were determined by asking participants if they had ever been diagnosed by a health care professional. Binomial regression with a Poisson residual and robust variance estimation was used to compute crude prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each outcome. Adjusted PR values were calculated by adjusting for BMI at the time of retirement, age, years of football experience, race, exercise habits, alcohol use, steroid history, smoking history, and playing position.
Results Complete data were available for 2062 respondents. Prevalence of CHD increased 25%-31% for each five-point increase in BMI after retirement (crude PR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.03-1.52, P = 0.026; adjusted PR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.11-1.55, P = 0.001). Diabetes prevalence increased 69%-88% for each five-point BMI increase (crude = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.45-2.44, P < 0.001; adjusted = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.32-2.15, P < 0.001). A five-point increase in BMI was associated with a 35%-40% increase in HBP prevalence (crude = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.27-1.53, P < 0.001; adjusted = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.24-1.47, P < 0.001).
Conclusions After controlling for relevant covariates, postretirement BMI was positively and independently associated with prevalence of CHD, diabetes, and HBP. Postretirement interventions using diet and/or exercise to influence body composition may improve long-term health in retired football players.

• 出版日期2018-4