A Synthesis of Exchanges Through the Main Oceanic Gateways to the Arctic Ocean

作者：Beszczynska Moeller Agnieszka^*; Woodgate Rebecca A; Lee Craig; Melling Humfrey; Karcher Michael

来源：Oceanography, 2011, 24(3): 82-99.

In recent decades, the Arctic Ocean has changed dramatically. Exchanges through the main oceanic gateways indicate two main processes of global climatic importance-poleward oceanic heat flux into the Arctic Ocean and export of freshwater toward the North Atlantic. Since the 1990s, in particular during the International Polar Year (2007-2009), extensive observational efforts were undertaken to monitor volume, heat, and freshwater fluxes between the Arctic Ocean and the subpolar seas on scales from daily to multiyear. This paper reviews present-day estimates of oceanic fluxes and reports on technological advances and existing challenges in measuring exchanges through the main oceanic gateways to the Arctic.

• 出版日期2011-9