ER Stress and Autophagic Per turbations Lead to Elevated Extracellular alpha-Synuclein in GBA-N370S LEParkinson's iPSC-Derived Dopamine Neurons

作者：Fernandes Hugo J R; Hartfield Elizabeth M; Christian Helen C; Emmanoulidou Evangelia; Zheng Ying; Booth Heather; Bogetofte Helle; Lang Charmaine; Ryan Brent J; Sardi S Pablo; Badger Jennifer; Vowles Jane; Evetts Samuel; Tofaris George K; Vekrellis Kostas; Talbot Kevin; Hu Michele T; James William; Cowley Sally A; Wade Martins Richard^*

来源：Stem Cell Reports, 2016, 6(3): 342-356.

DOI：10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.01.013

Heterozygous mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) represent the strongest common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are still poorly understood. Here, we have analyzed ten independent induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from three controls and three unrelated PD patients heterozygous for the GBA-N370S mutation, and identified relevant disease mechanisms. After differentiation into dopaminergic neurons, we observed misprocessing of mutant glucocerebrosidase protein in the ER, associated with activation of ER stress and abnormal cellular lipid profiles. Furthermore, we observed autophagic perturbations and an enlargement of the lysosomal compartment specifically in dopamine neurons. Finally, we found increased extracellular alpha-synuclein in patient-derived neuronal culture medium, which was not associated with exosomes. Overall, ER stress, autophagic/lysosomal perturbations, and elevated extracellular alpha-synuclein likely represent critical early cellular phenotypes of PD, which might offer multiple therapeutic targets.

• 出版日期2016-3-8