Distributed Scalable Autonomous Market-Based Demand Response via Residential Plug-In Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids

作者：Rassaei Farshad^*; Soh Wee Seng; Chua Kee Chaing

来源：IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2018, 9(4): 3281-3290.

DOI：10.1109/TSG.2016.2629515

• Black swan event
• demand response (DR)
• electricity markets
• plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)
• residential load
• retailer
• smart grids
• vehicle-to-grid (V2C)

Flexibility in power demand, diverse usage patterns and storage capability of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) grow the elasticity of residential electricity demand remarkably. This elasticity can be used to form the daily aggregated demand profile and/or alter instantaneous demand of a system wherein a large number of residential PEVs share one electricity retailer. In this paper, we propose a demand response technique to manage vehicle-to-grid enabled PEVs' electricity assignments (charging and discharging) in order to reduce the overall electricity procurement costs for a retailer bidding to a two-settlement electricity market, i.e., a day-ahead and a spot or real-time (RT) market. We show that our approach is decentralized, scalable, fast converging and does not violate users' privacy. Extensive simulations show significant overall cost savings can be achieved for a retailer bidding to an operational electricity market by using the proposed algorithm. This technique becomes more needful when the power grid accommodates a large number of intermittent energy resources. There, RT demand altering is crucial due to more likely contingencies and hence more RT price fluctuations and even occurring the so-called black swan events. Finally, such retailer could offer better deals to customers as well to stay competitive.

• 出版日期2018-7