科研之友
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摘要
Kaolin particle films and copper-based products can be considered as possible alternatives to traditional agrochemicals used for controlling the dominant pest of olive grove areas of the Mediterranean Basin, the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Dip. Tephritidae), to which this pest has already evolved resistance. Psyttalia concolor (SzSpligeti) (Hym. Braconidae) is a koinobiont larval-pupal endoparasitoid of many Tephritidae of economic importance. It has been routinely used in the Mediterranean Basin for augmentative releases against B. oleae. Detailed knowledge of lethal and sublethal effects of these agrochemicals on non target arthropods is required for effective integrated pest management programmes. The aims of this study were to evaluate direct mortality caused by kaolin and copper salts on the parasitoid and the sublethal effects on emergence of adults from treated pupae and on beneficial capacity of females through four different experiments, three at laboratory level and one in semi-field conditions. Dual choice and no-choice experiments in the case of kaolin were also performed to test kaolin oviposition repellence. The results indicated that the tested agrochemicals were not harmful to the parasitoid. No lethal toxicity or effects on beneficial capacity were recorded. The behavioural experiments, however, showed that when females could choose between parasitising through a kaolin-treated surface and a water-treated one, there was a slight reduction in the percentage of parasitised hosts for kaolin. No differences were detected when females were not given a choice.
- 出版日期2014-6
