Differential recycling of coral and algal dissolved organic matter via the sponge loop

作者：Rix Laura^*; de Goeij Jasper M; van Oevelen Dick; Struck Ulrich; Al Horani Fuad A; Wild Christian; Naumann Malik S

来源：Functional Ecology, 2017, 31(3): 778-789.

DOI：10.1111/1365-2435.12758

• algae exudates
• coral mucus
• coral reef nutrient cycling
• DOM processing
• phospholipid-derived fatty acid
• Red Sea
• sponge loop
• stable isotope tracer

Corals and macroalgae release large quantities of dissolved organic matter (DOM), one of the largest sources of organic matter produced on coral reefs. By rapidly taking up DOM and transforming it into particulate detritus, coral reef sponges are proposed to play a key role in transferring the energy and nutrients in DOM to higher trophic levels via the recently discovered sponge loop. DOM released by corals and algae differs in quality and composition, but the influence of these different DOM sources on recycling by the sponge loop has not been investigated. Here, we used stable isotope pulse-chase experiments to compare the processing of naturally sourced coral- and algal-derived DOM by three Red Sea coral reef sponge species: Chondrilla sacciformis, Hemimycale arabica and Mycale fistulifera. Incubation experiments were conducted to trace C-13- and N-15-enriched coral- and algal-derived DOM into the sponge tissue and detritus. Incorporation of C-13 into specific phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFAs) was used to differentiate DOM assimilation within the sponge holobiont (i.e. the sponge host vs. its associated bacteria). All sponges assimilated both coral- and algal-derived DOM, but incorporation rates were significantly higher for algal-derived DOM. The two DOM sources were also processed differently by the sponge holobiont. Algal-derived DOM was incorporated into bacteria-specific PLFAs at a higher rate while coral-derived DOM was more readily incorporated into sponge-specific PLFAs. A substantial fraction of the dissolved organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) assimilated by the sponges was subsequently converted into and released as particulate detritus (15-24% C and 27-49% N). However, algal-derived DOM was released as detritus at a higher rate. The higher uptake and transformation rates of algal- compared with coral-derived DOM suggest that reef community phase shifts from coral to algal dominance may stimulate DOM cycling through the sponge loop with potential consequences for coral reef biogeochemical cycles and food webs.

• 出版日期2017-3