Development of and Recovery from Secondary Hypogonadism in Aging Men: Prospective Results from the EMAS

作者：Rastrelli Giulia^*; Carter Emma L; Ahern Tomas; Finn Joseph D; Antonio Leen; O'Neill Terence W; Bartfai Gyorgy; Casanueva Felipe F; Forti Gianni; Keevil Brian; Maggi Mario; Giwercman Aleksander; Han Thang S; Huhtaniemi Ilpo T; Kula Krzysztof; Lean Michael E J; Pendleton Neil; Punab Margus; Vanderschueren Dirk; Wu Frederick C W

来源：Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2015, 100(8): 3172-3182.

DOI：10.1210/jc.2015-1571

Context: Secondary hypogonadism is common in aging men; its natural history and predisposing factors are unclear.
Objectives: The objectives were 1) to identify factors that predispose eugonadal men (T >= 10.5 nmol/L) to develop biochemical secondary hypogonadism (T < 10.5 nmol/L; LH <= 9.4 U/L) and secondary hypogonadal men to recover to eugonadism; and 2) to characterize clinical features associated with these transitions.
Design: The study was designed as a prospective observational general population cohort survey.
Setting: The setting was clinical research centers.
Participants: The participants were 3369 community-dwelling men aged 40-79 years in eight European centers.
Intervention: Interventions included observational follow-up of 4.3 years.
Main Outcome Measure: Subjects were categorized according to change/no change in biochemical gonadal status during follow-up as follows: persistent eugonadal (n = 1909), incident secondary hypogonadal (n = 140), persistent secondary hypogonadal (n = 123), and recovered from secondary hypogonadism to eugonadism (n = 96). Baseline predictors and changes in clinical features associated with incident secondary hypogonadism and recovery from secondary hypogonadism were analyzed by regression models.
Results: The incidence of secondary hypogonadism was 155.9/10 000/year, whereas 42.9% of men with secondary hypogonadism recovered to eugonadism. Incident secondary hypogonadism was predicted by obesity(body mass index >= 30 kg/m(2); odds ratio [OR] = 2.86 [95% confidenceinterval, 1.67; 4.90]; P < .0001), weight gain (OR = 1.79 [1.15; 2.80]; P = .011), and increased waist circumference (OR = 1.73 [1.07; 2.81], P = .026; and OR = 2.64 [1.66; 4.21], P < .0001, for waist circumference 94-102 and >= 102 cm, respectively). Incident secondary hypogonadal men experienced new/worsening sexual symptoms (low libido, erectile dysfunction, and infrequent spontaneous erections). Recovery from secondary hypogonadism was predicted by nonobesity(OR = 2.28 [1.21; 4.31]; P = .011), weight loss (OR = 2.24 [1.04; 4.85]; P = .042), normal waist circumference (OR = 1.93 [1.01; 3.70]; P = .048), younger age (<60 y; OR = 2.32 [1.12; 4.82]; P = .024), and higher education (OR = 2.11 [1.05; 4.26]; P = .037), but symptoms did not show significant concurrent improvement.
Conclusion: Obesity-related metabolic and lifestyle factors predispose older men to the development of secondary hypogonadism, which is frequently reversible with weight loss.

• 出版日期2015-8