Atrioventricular and interventricular delay optimization in cardiac resynchronization therapy: physiological principles and overview of available methods

作者：Houthuizen Patrick^*; Bracke Frank A L E; van Gelder Berry M

来源：Heart Failure Reviews, 2011, 16(3): 263-276.

DOI：10.1007/s10741-010-9215-1

• Cardiac resynchronization therapy
• Heart failure
• Physiology
• Atrioventricular delay
• Interventricular delay

In this review, the physiological rationale for atrioventricular and interventricular delay optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy is discussed including the influence of exercise and long-term cardiac resynchronization therapy. The broad spectrum of both invasive and non-invasive optimization methods is reviewed with critical appraisal of the literature. Although the spectrum of both invasive and non-invasive optimization methods is broad, no single method can be recommend for standard practice as large-scale studies using hard endpoints are lacking. Current efforts mainly investigate optimization during resting conditions; however, there is a need to develop automated algorithms to implement dynamic optimization in order to adapt to physiological alterations during exercise and after anatomical remodeling.

• 出版日期2011-5