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摘要
Copper smelters represent a major anthropogenic source of SO2 and sulphide-related elements into particulate matter, affecting the air quality of the surrounding areas. The implementation of measures to reduce the emission of gaseous contaminants and particles in industrial processes is a major issue, which aims to establish technological progress for cleaner production. In this sense, a long-range study covering the period 2001-2015 has been performed in the SW Spain, where one of the largest Cu-smelters in Europe is located. Trends of PM10 and PM2.5 levels and geochemical patterns were studied considering the following periods: prior (2001-2008), during (2009-2013) and after (2014-2015) the implementation of emission abatement technology (wet electrofilters, bag filters and lime injection) by this large industrial facility. The results evidenced relatively high concentrations of sulphide-related elements (annual mean of 6.1, 1.7, 0.7, 2.2, 2.0, 21.0 and 1.0 ng m(-3) for As, Se, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb and Bi, respectively) during 2001-2008. A reduction of 50% was observed for the last period (2.8, 0.5, 0.2, 1.6, 1.1, 6.7 an d 0.3 ng m(-3) for the same elements, respectively) in PM10. A similar trend was observed for PM2.5 samples. However, the number of episodes of SO2 has not changed along the studied period (average 8 days/month), although the SO2 concentration during the pollution episodes has markedly diminished from maximum peak concentrations of 350 mu g m(-3) to 170 mu g m(-3). A high arsenic concentration is the main geochemical anomaly found in PM, reaching annual mean concentrations up to 10.4 ng m(-3) in 2005 above the annual EU target value (6 ng m(-3)) in PM10, decreasing down to 2.7 and 2.9 ng m(-3) in 2014 and 2015, respectively. However, sporadically high episodic levels are still recorded (e.g. 26.8 ng m(-3) in 2014 and 14.9 ng M-3 in 2015).
- 出版日期2018-6-10
