Acoustic Parameters Critical for an Appropriate Vibrato

作者：Anand Supraja^*; Wingate Judith M; Smith Brenda; Shrivastav Rahul

来源：Journal of Voice, 2012, 26(6): 820.e19.

DOI：10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.06.004

• Vibrato
• Opera
• Modulation frequency
• Modulation depth
• Synthesis
• Vocoder

Background. A plethora of investigations have studied the acoustic characteristics of vibrato such as the rate, extent, onset (time from initiation of phonation until the first peak of vibrato), and periodicity. Despite extensive research, the degree to which various parameters of vibrato contribute to its acceptability remain unclear. %26lt;br%26gt;Purpose. The present study sought to determine the psychoacoustical relationship of mean fundamental frequency (f(0)), modulation frequency (f(f0m)), modulation depth (d(f0m)), and intensity to the appropriateness or inappropriateness of vibrato. %26lt;br%26gt;Method. Phonation samples of eight voice majors singing at low, middle, and high pitches were obtained. A high fidelity vocoder (STRAIGHT; Kawahara, 1997) was used to resynthesize these vowels with systematic manipulations of f(f0m) and d(f0m) of the f0 contours resulting in a total of 600 stimuli (8 singers X 3 pitches 35 f(f0m) levels X 5 d(f0m) levels). Nine listeners (four experts and five students) evaluated these stimuli for appropriateness of vibrato at two different presentation levels (70 and 90 dB sound pressure level). %26lt;br%26gt;Results. Statistical analyses of the perceptual data suggest that appropriateness of vibrato tends to increase with mean f(0) and decrease with d(f0m). Appropriateness of vibrato is greatest for f(f0m) value of 6 Hz, but decreases both above and below this frequency. %26lt;br%26gt;Conclusion. perceived appropriateness of vibrato results from an interaction of mean f(0), f(f0m), and d(f0m) of the vowel waveform.

• 出版日期2012-11