A Sub-nW 2.4 GHz Transmitter for Low Data-Rate Sensing Applications

作者：Mercier Patrick P^*; Bandyopadhyay Saurav; Lysaght Andrew C; Stankovic Konstantina M; Chandrakasan Anantha P

来源：IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2014, 49(7): 1463-1474.

DOI：10.1109/JSSC.2014.2316237

• Body-sensor networks
• energy harvesting
• low power electronics
• power amplifiers
• radio frequency integrated circuits
• voltage-controlled oscillators
• zero-power electronics

This paper presents the design of a narrowband transmitter and antenna system that achieves an average power consumption of 78 pW when operating at a duty-cycled data rate of 1 bps. Fabricated in a 0.18 m CMOS process, the transmitter employs a direct-RF power oscillator topology where a loop antenna acts as a both a radiative and resonant element. The low-complexity single-stage architecture, in combination with aggressive power gating techniques and sizing optimizations, limited the standby power of the transmitter to only 39.7 pW at 0.8 V. Supporting both OOK and FSK modulations at 2.4 GHz, the transmitter consumed as low as 38 pJ/bit at an active-mode data rate of 5 Mbps. The loop antenna and integrated diodes were also used as part of a wireless power transfer receiver in order to kick-start the system power supply prior to energy harvesting operation.

• 出版日期2014-7