APOE-modulated A beta-induced neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: current landscape, novel data, and future perspective

作者：Tai Leon M; Ghura Shivesh; Koster Kevin P; Liakaite Vaiva; Maienschein Cline Mark; Kanabar Pinal; Collins Nicole; Ben Aissa Manel; Lei Arden Zhengdeng; Bahroos Neil; Green Stefan J; Hendrickson Bill; Van Eldik Linda J; LaDu Mary Jo^*

来源：Journal of Neurochemistry, 2015, 133(4): 465-488.

DOI：10.1111/jnc.13072

• Alzheimer's disease
• amyloid-beta
• apolipoprotein E
• interleukin-4 receptor
• neuroinflammation
• toll-like receptor 4

Chronic glial activation and neuroinflammation induced by the amyloid-beta peptide (A beta) contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. APOE4 is the greatest AD-genetic risk factor; increasing risk up to 12-fold compared to APOE3, with APOE4-specific neuroinflammation an important component of this risk. This editorial review discusses the role of APOE in inflammation and AD, via a literature review, presentation of novel data on A beta-induced neuroinflammation, and discussion of future research directions. The complexity of chronic neuroinflammation, including multiple detrimental and beneficial effects occurring in a temporal and cell-specific manner, has resulted in conflicting functional data for virtually every inflammatory mediator. Defining a neuroinflammatory phenotype (NIP) is one way to address this issue, focusing on profiling the changes in inflammatory mediator expression during disease progression. Although many studies have shown that APOE4 induces a detrimental NIP in peripheral inflammation and A beta-independent neuroinflammation, data for APOE-modulated A beta-induced neuroinflammation are surprisingly limited. We present data supporting the hypothesis that impaired apoE4 function modulates A beta-induced effects on inflammatory receptor signaling, including amplification of detrimental (toll-like receptor 4-p38 alpha) and suppression of beneficial (IL-4R-nuclear receptor) pathways. To ultimately develop APOE genotype-specific therapeutics, it is critical that future studies define the dynamic NIP profile and pathways that underlie APOE-modulated chronic neuroinflammation.

• 出版日期2015-5