Depression as a Risk Factor of Organic Diseases: An International Integrative Review

作者：Bica Teodora; Castello Ruth; Toussaint Loren L; Monteso Curto Pilar^*

来源：Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2017, 49(4): 389-399.

DOI：10.1111/jnu.12303

• Depression
• disease risk factor
• modifiable factors
• physical illnesses
• triggers

Purpose and Design: This integrative review offers a systematic synthesis of the international literature regarding the role of depression as a risk factor in physical illnesses and the mechanisms of this connection. Special attention is paid to those modifiable factors.
Findings: Published studies of depression and physical illness and disease (N = 24) from five countries that were indexed in PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), APA PsycNET, Scopus, Dialnet, and CUIDEN were examined. Results suggest that depression is a significant risk factor for the development of physical illnesses and diseases. More commonly studied were the connections between depression and cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, biochemical alterations, diabetes, dementia, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, somatization and chronic pain, asthma, arthritis, and hyperlipidemia. Less frequently studied conditions connected to depression were cancer, infections, allergies, autoimmune disease, gastric ulcer, rhinitis, thyroiditis, bronchitis, migraines, fractures, and osteoporosis.
Conclusions: Mechanisms connecting depression to physical illness appear to involve alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, unhealthy lifestyle, chronic or acute stressors including posttraumatic stress, an increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) in men, taking antidepressant medication, and social and emotional loneliness.

• 出版日期2017-7