Associations between Arsenic Species in Exfoliated Urothelial Cells and Prevalence of Diabetes among Residents of Chihuahua, Mexico

作者：Currier Jenna M; Ishida Maria C; Gonzalez Horta Carmen; Sanchez Ramirez Blanca; Ballinas Casarrubias Lourdes; Gutierrez Torres Daniela S; Hernandez Ceron Roberto; Viniegra Morales Damian; Baeza Terrazas Francisco A; Del Razo Luz M; Garcia Vargas Gonzalo G; Saunders R Jesse; Drobna Zuzana; Fry Rebecca C; Matousek Tomas; Buse John B; Mendez Michelle A; Loomis Dana; Styblo Miroslav^*

来源：Environmental Health Perspectives, 2014, 122(10): 1088-1094.

DOI：10.1289/ehp.1307756

BACKGROUND: A growing number of studies link chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) with the risk of diabetes. Many of these studies assessed iAs exposure by measuring arsenic (As) species in urine. However, this approach has been criticized because of uncertainties associated with renal function and urine dilution in diabetic individuals.
OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to examine associations between the prevalence of diabetes and concentrations of As species in exfoliated urothelial cells (EUC) as an alternative to the measures of As in urine.
METHODS: We measured concentrations of trivalent and pentavalent iAs methyl-As (MAs) and dimethyl-As (DMAs) species in EUC from 374 residents of Chihuahua, Mexico, who were exposed to iAs in drinking water. We used fasting plasma glucose, glucose tolerance tests, and self-reported diabetes diagnoses or medication to identify diabetic participants. Associations between As species in EUC and diabetes were estimated using logistic and linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index.
RESULTS: Interquartile-range increases in trivalent, but not pentavalent, As species in EUC were positively and significantly associated with diabetes, with ORs of 1.57 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.07) for iA(s)(III), 1.63 (1.24, 2.15) for MA(s)(III), and 1.31 (0.96, 1.84) for DMA(s)(III). DMAs/MAs and DMAs/iAs ratios were negatively associated with diabetes (OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.83 and OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.96, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that uncertainties associated with measures of As species in urine may be avoided by using As species in EUC as markers of iAs exposure and metabolism. Our results provide additional support to previous findings suggesting that trivalent As species may be responsible for associations between diabetes and chronic iAs exposure.

• 出版日期2014-10