Accuracy of Urine Color to Detect Equal to or Greater Than 2% Body Mass Loss in Men

作者：McKenzie Amy L^*; Munoz Colleen X; Armstrong Lawrence E

来源：Journal of Athletic Training, 2015, 50(12): 1306-1309.

DOI：10.4085/1062-6050-51.1.03

• diagnostic accuracy
• hydration
• field measurement
• sensitivity
• specificity

Context: Clinicians and athletes can benefit from field-expedient measurement tools, such as urine color, to assess hydration state; however, the diagnostic efficacy of this tool has not been established.
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of urine color assessment to distinguish a hypohydrated state (>= 2% body mass loss [BML]) from a euhydrated state (<2% BML) after exercise in a hot environment.
Design: Controlled laboratory study.
Setting: Environmental chamber in a laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-two healthy men (age = 22 +/- 3 years, height = 180.4 +/- 8.7 cm, mass = 77.9 +/- 12.8 kg, body fat = 10.6% +/- 4.6%).
Intervention(s): Participants cycled at 68% +/- 6% of their maximal heart rates in a hot environment (36 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C) for 5 hours or until 5% BML was achieved. At the point of each 1% BML, we assessed urine color.
Main Outcome Measure(s): Diagnostic efficacy of urine color was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios.
Results: Urine color was useful as a diagnostic tool to identify hypohydration after exercise in the heat (area under the curve = 0.951, standard error = 0.022; P < .001). A urine color of 5 or greater identified BML >= 2% with 88.9% sensitivity and 84.8% specificity (positive likelihood ratio = 5.87, negative likelihood ratio = 0.13).
Conclusions: Under the conditions of acute dehydration due to exercise in a hot environment, urine color assessment can be a valid, practical, inexpensive tool for assessing hydration status. Researchers should examine the utility of urine color to identify a hypohydrated state under different BML conditions.

• 出版日期2015-12