Association between maternal smoking, gender, and cleft lip and palate

作者：Barbosa Martelli Daniella Reis; Coletta Ricardo D; Oliveira Eduardo A; Oliveira Swerts Mario Sergio; Mendes Rodrigues Laise A; Oliveira Maria Christina; Martelli Junior Hercilio

来源：Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 2015, 81(5): 514-519.

DOI：10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.07.011

• Cleft lip
• Cleft palate
• Smoking
• Pregnancy

Introduction: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) represent the most common congenital anomalies of the face.
Objective: To assess the relationship between maternal smoking, gender and CL/P.
Methods: This is an epidemiological cross-sectional study. We interviewed 1519 mothers divided into two groups: Cases: mothers of children with CL/P (n= 843) and Controls: mothers of children without CL/P (n= 676). All mothers were classified as smoker or non-smoker subjects during the first trimester of pregnancy. To determine an association among maternal smoking, gender, and CL/P, odds ratios were calculated and the adjustment was made by a logistic regression model.
Results: An association between maternal smoking and the presence of cleft was observed. There was also a strong association between male gender and the presence of cleft (OR = 3.51; 95% CI 2.83-4.37). By binary logistic regression analysis, it was demonstrated that both variables were independently associated with clefts. In a multivariate analysis, male gender and maternal smoking had a 2.5- and a 1.5-time greater chance of having a cleft, respectively.
Conclusion: Our findings are consistent with a positive association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and CL/P in male gender. The results support the importance of smoking prevention and introduction of cessation programs among women with childbearing potential.

• 出版日期2015-10