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摘要
Mathematical modeling can support the environmental risk assessment and decision making processes. Soil contamination caused by crude oil in the Ogoni region, Nigeria, is qualitatively described in part I to understand expected mathematical results. A mathematical-statistical analysis following in part 2 characterizes quantitatively the 33 contaminated sites as entire ecological complex. The single sites are studied in part 3 by,classifying multivariate mathematical models to derive precise information about kind and degree of contamination at every surveyed spill site.
The geological structure of the Ogoni subsoil and the composition of the upper soil layers are summarized. In this context, the unprotected aquifers are discussed which are essential for the supply of the local population with potable water The crude oil exploited within and transported through this region for decades will be characterized to understand and interpret results of data processing. Reference will be taken also to the extensive research about negative effects of crude oil contamination on people, fauna and flora.
Oil companies have carried out environmental remediation measures, mainly by land farming. These activities are partly unfinished. Therefore, numerous oil spills are still an environmental hazard. In 2007, the Nigerian Federal Government has invited the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) to explore the remaining crude oil contaminations in the compartments soil and groundwater to prepare final clean-up measures. This project is finished now. The mathematical data processing presented within this three-part contribution will be understood as part of this survey.
- 出版日期2011-9
